Attempts to provide roots experiences and a sense of history can also be found in Northern Europe, particularly Scandinavia. According to Halewood and Hannam (2001), they generally fall into one of four types: Conventional museums (e.g., Viking Ships’ Museum at Bygdøy, Norway, where three 19th century ships are housed in an ecclesiastical style edifice that helps construct a sense of nationhood and enables people to return to the very heart of Norwegian culture) Heritage centres (e.g., Jorvik Viking Centre in York, England, with its time car ride, together with sounds and smells of the past); Reconstructed villages (e.g., Foteviken in Sweden, with handicarft demonstrations, houses, people working with pottery and tending crops, Viking markets, and re-enactments of cooking and fighting); Theme parks (e.g., Tusenfryd, 20 kilometres south east of Oslo, Norway). The last mentioned contains ‘Viking Land,’ constructed at a cost of $4.9 million in 1995. It comprises a mountain hall, a multimedia auditorium wherein participants go for a ride in a long-ship to ‘Vinland.’ On the way they encounter storms, attacks by pirates, and the intervention of gods. There are additional facilities for corporate banquets with host and guests in Viking attire. There is also a re-created village by a lake, a quay, a ship, a nobleman’s house, and a market place filled with staff in period costume.
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